Grammar C1 - Ellipsis and Substitution

Here is a summary of the video:

Purpose: To make English speech sound natural, fluid, and less repetitive, speakers use ellipsis and substitution to lighten sentences.
Core Principle: If the listener already understands the context of what is being discussed, repeating the exact words is unnecessary.
Ellipsis:
- Involves cutting out words entirely, leaving "ghost words" that are present in meaning but absent in sound.
- Cuts off the end of phrases, creating gaps that the listener's brain automatically fills in.
- Examples:
  - Responding to "Are you ready to go?" with "Yes, I am" instead of "Yes, I am ready to go".
  - Responding to "Did you buy the bread?" with "I forgot" instead of "I forgot to buy the bread".
Substitution:
- Involves replacing a long or complicated phrase with a short, simple word acting as a "stunt double" or "container".
- Common stunt doubles include auxiliary verbs such as do, does, or have.
  - Example: Saying "My brother eats more pizza than I do" instead of repeating "eat pizza".
- Words like so and not act as containers for full thoughts, especially when using verbs of thinking, hoping, or guessing.
  - Example: Answering "Do you think the train will be late again today?" with "I think so" or "I hope not".

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